Endoscopy

Medically written by
A/Prof Viraj Kariyawasam
MBBS, FRACP, MRCP, PhD
Gastroenterologist & Hepatologist
Associate Professor – Macquarie University
Head of IBD Service – Blacktown Hospital
Last reviewed: March 2026

1. What is Endoscopy?

Endoscopy is a group of procedures that allow doctors to examine the inside of the digestive tract using a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end. Endoscopy enables direct visual assessment of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

Common types of gastrointestinal endoscopy include gastroscopy (upper endoscopy), colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and capsule endoscopy. Endoscopy is used to diagnose conditions, take tissue samples (biopsies), and perform treatments.

2. What Happens During an Endoscopy?

The exact process depends on the type of endoscopy being performed. Preparation may involve fasting, bowel preparation, or medication adjustments, which your doctor will explain in advance.

Sedation is commonly used to keep you comfortable. The endoscope is passed gently into the digestive tract, allowing the doctor to examine the lining on a screen. Biopsies or treatments such as polyp removal or bleeding control may be performed during the procedure.

3. Recovering From an Endoscopy

After the procedure, you will be monitored until the effects of sedation wear off. You may experience mild bloating, cramping, or a sore throat depending on the type of endoscopy.

You should not drive, operate machinery, or make important decisions for the rest of the day. Most people return to normal activities the following day. Your doctor will discuss initial findings with you.

4. Risks of Endoscopy

Endoscopy is very safe, and serious complications are uncommon. Possible risks include bleeding, infection, reaction to sedation, or very rarely a tear in the digestive tract.

Seek urgent medical attention if you develop severe pain, persistent bleeding, fever, vomiting, or chest pain after the procedure.

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